THE COURSE: This course is a basic (or first) course specifically on auditory anatomy, physiology, and perception (psychoacoustics). It covers those aspects of normal auditory structure, function and perception (with brief reference to pathology), important for a basic understanding of hearing and for subsequent study in Audiology and Speech-Language Sciences. For the most part, it follows the Yost textbook closely. Complex sound processing and the central auditory system (except basic pathways) are not covered in detail in AUDI 514 (see AUDI 554, Term II).

INSTRUCTOR (Fall, 2002): Dr. Navid Shahnaz

Email: nshahnaz@audiospeech.ubc.ca

LECTURE TIMES (Fall, 2002):Check with School of Audiology and Speech Sciences

PREREQUISITES: Psychology 367 and 368 (Sensation and Perception or 6-cr Psyc 313) and Math Precalculus.  A working knowledge of Precalculus is required and assumed. Calculus is not required.

Available in September from Bookstore

Week-by-week topic links to related websites

If you find a link "broken", please inform David Stapells (stapells@audiospeech.ubc.ca)
 

JUMP TO WEEK #:     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 FINAL

WEEK 1

Intro to Hearing
 

Basic acoustics

The sinusoid: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/Sin.html

Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration of Sinusoidal Motion: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/x_v_a.html

RMS Amplitude: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/rms.html

Ask Dr. Science (requires RealPlayer): Sound doesn't transmit in a vacuum... Why does Nature abhore a vacuum? http://www.ducksbreath.com/rafiles/vacuums.ram

WEEK 2

Decibels:

RMS Amplitude: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/rms.html

dBs: Logarithms: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/Logs.html

dBs: The decibel:http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/db.html

dBs: Typical decibels:http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/SPLs.html

dBs: The "dB cheat sheet" :http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/dBCheat.html

Sound Fields Radiated by Simple Sources: http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/rad2/mdq.html

Decrease in loudness over distance: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/intensity/Intensity2.html

Superposition of waves: constructive/destructive interference; standing waves; beats: http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html

Refraction of sound waves: http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/refract/refract.html

Reverberation in a small room (with sound files): http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/RT60/RT60.html
 

Complex stimuli:

Some Informal Observations of Motion#1 (tuning fork): http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/motion1.html

Some Informal Observations of Motion#2 (tuning fork): http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/motion2.html

Some Informal Observations of Motion#3 (Bart's "wow cool man"): http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/motion3.html

Fourier Analysis and Fourier Synthesis: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/spectra/spectra3.html

Spectral Analysis:http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/specanal.html

Fourier analysis approximations of several signals (interactive): http://www.jhu.edu/%7Esignals/fourier2/index.html

Gaussian Noise: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/gaussian.html

Noise Spectrum Level: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/No.html

Beats (see the bottom of this link's page): http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html

Amplitude Modulation: http://www.educatorscorner.com/experiments/spectral/SpecAn5.shtml

Generate your own stimuli (from Bill Yost's web page):http://www.parmly.luc.edu/parmly/audio_demos.html

Ask Dr. Science (requires RealPlayer): Now that you know about milliseconds, what about "parsecs"? http://www.ducksbreath.com/rafiles/parsecs.ram

WEEK 3

Sound Analysis:

Fourier Analysis and Fourier Synthesis: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/spectra/spectra3.html

Fourier Decomposition (demos): http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/Fourier/Fourier.html

Filters: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing1/hearing1.html#RTFToC7

Time Domain vs. Frequency Domain: http://www.educatorscorner.com/experiments/spectral/SpecAn3.shtml

Nonlinearities: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/nonlin.html

Linear: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing1/hearing1.html#RTFToC6

Nonlinear: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC5
 

Outer Ear/Middle Ear:

A "gallery" of UC-Berkeley's researchers' external ears: http://ear.berkeley.edu/ear_gallery.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Outer/Middle Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a02.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Outer/Middle Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a03.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Outer/Middle Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a04.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Outer/Middle Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a05.html

Video otoscopy, many views: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/ears.htm

Take the Online Outer Ear Anatomy Quiz: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/pinnatst.htm

Microtia-atresia of Pinna and Ear Canal: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/sobkr713.jpg

Normal Tympanic Membrane: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/55ymlfrt.jpg

Serous Otitis Media: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/toml0911.jpg

Traumatic Dual Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane: http://www.rcsullivan.com/www/byu3.htm

Middle-ear function: TM & Ossicles: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/midleear.mov

Middle-ear function: Ossicle motion: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/ossiclmt.mov

Middle-ear function: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC3

Computed Tomography (CT Scans) of middle and inner ears: http://www.sbu.ac.uk/~dirt/museum/ear_ct.html
 

WEEK 4

Middle Ear:
Ode to the ossicles... : http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/psych/psy280f/ch9/ossicles.html

Inner Ear: structure:

Take the inner ear anatomy quiz: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/auditory/quiz/quizmain.html

Gross anatomy of the cochlea (great images): http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/fcochlea.htm

Inner Hair Cells: http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/corti/hcells/ihc/fihc.htm

Outer Hair Cells: http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/corti/hcells/ohc/fohc.htm

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a06.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a07.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a08.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a09.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a10.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a11.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a12.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a13.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a14.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a15.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a16.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a17.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a18.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a19.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a20.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a21.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Inner Ear: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a22.html
 

WEEK 5

Inner Ear: function

Inner-ear function: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC4

Inner-ear function: Organ of Corti motion:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/cochlmtn.mov

Inner-ear function: Organ of Corti motion: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/corti155.mov

Inner-ear function: Organ of Corti motion:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/corti605.mov

Inner-ear function: Travelling Waves:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/allkhalf.mov

Inner-ear function: Travelling Waves & Place code:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/animation/placecode.html

Cochlear mechanics (excellent animations): http://www.boystownhospital.org/research/Areas/Com_Engineering.asp

Inner-ear function: Travelling Waves: http://www.boystownhospital.org/research/Areas/cel/Traveling_Waves.asp

Cochlear frequency-place  maps for humans and other species (So where is 500-Hz in the elephant cochlea?): http://earlab.bu.edu/anatomy/cochlea/freq.html

Inner-ear function: BM tuning: http://www.boystownhospital.org/research/Areas/cel/Physiological.asp

Georg von Békésy (1899 - 1972) -- Winner of the Nobel prize (1961)  for his research concerning coclear mechanics: http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bekesy/von_bekesy.html
 

Cochlear Hair Cells:

Tour of the Auditory System: Hair Cells: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a23.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Hair Cells: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a24.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Hair Cells: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a25.html

Tour of the Auditory System: Hair Cells: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a26.html

Hair cell stereocilia tip links (great images and animation): http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/corti/hcells/fhcells.htm

Inner-ear function: Hair Cells excitation:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/probelft.mov

Inner-ear function: Hair Cells inhibition: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/probergh.mov

Outer hair cell motility: http://www.boystownhospital.org/research/Areas/cel/Outer_Hair_Cell.asp

"Rock Around the Clock" Outer Hair Cell motility video with music (5mb mpeg file; J. Ashmore):  http://www.physiol.ucl.ac.uk/ashmore/ohc2-s.mpg

The cochlear "amplifier" (outer hair cells): http://www.boystownhospital.org/research/Areas/cel/Cochlear_Amp.asp
 

WEEK 6

Auditory Nerve: Anatomy

Innervation of the cochlea (good images): http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/corti/innerv/finnerv.htm

Tour of the Auditory System: 8^th nerve: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a09.html

Tour of the Auditory System: 8^th nerve: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/anatomy/a14.html
 

Auditory Nerve: function/response:

Neurotransmitters: http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/corti/innerv/finnerv.htm

Chris Darwin's notes on the Auditory nerve:http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC9

Auditory Nerve Cells: Spontaneous Activity, Thresholds, & Saturation: http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/psych/psy280f/ch9/satTresh.html
 

WEEK 7

Auditory Nerve: Encoding

Place code:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/h%26b/auditory/animation/placecode.html

Volley theory: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/volley.mov

8^th nerve Phase Locking:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/phaslock.mov

8^th nerve Phase Locking:http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC13

8^th nerve Synchrony:http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/qtmovies/transdct.mov

Intensity code: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC15

Two-Tone Suppression: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing2/hearing2.html#RTFToC16

Auditory modeling: try out the Boston EAR-LAB web-based auditory modeling program: http://earlab1.bu.edu/modeling/start.asp

WEEK 8

Central Auditory:

Central Auditory Pathways: http://www.ihr.mrc.ac.uk/neuro/aud_pathway.shtml#map
Central auditory pathways: http://serous.med.buffalo.edu/hearing/index.html

More central auditory pathways: 

You want MORE detail? Major ascending auditory pathways:http://earlab.bu.edu/intro/auditorypathways.html
 

Evoked Potentials: click here to see some

What are auditory evoked potentials? (intro)  http://www.courses.audiospeech.ubc.ca/haplab/aep.htm

Auditory Evoked Potentials (intro) [Link fixed Nov 19, 2001]: http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/auditory.html

Estimating hearing threshold in infants with auditory evoked potentials (clinical):http://www.courses.audiospeech.ubc.ca/haplab/clinic.htm

Auditory Evoked Potential research in the UBC HAPLAB: http://www.courses.audiospeech.ubc.ca/haplab/hapres.htm

HAPLAB research concerning Frequency Selectivity and Frequency Specificity: http://www.courses.audiospeech.ubc.ca/haplab/freqselec.htm

Mismatch Negativity Cortical ERP: http://www.cbru.helsinki.fi/mmn.html

WEEK 9

Auditory Perception of Simple Sounds:

What is Psychoacoustics? http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Plack/Psycho.html

Human Auditory Psychophysics: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing3/hearing3.html

Signal Detection Theory: http://psychlab1.hanover.edu/Krantz/STD/
 

Differential Auditory Sensitivity:
The Just Noticeable Difference: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/psychohearing/psycho1.html
 

WEEK 10

Masking:
Frequency resolution & masking: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing3/hearing3.html#RTFToC3
 

Critical Bands:

Frequency resolution & masking: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing3/hearing3.html#RTFToC3

Critical Band by Masking: http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/cbmask.html

Brian C.J. Moore's download webpage: Includes programs for determining ERB (in Hz) from notched noise experiment; determining ERB from frequency, etc.   http://hearing.psychol.cam.ac.uk/Demos/demos.html

Temporal Masking: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing3/hearing3.html#RTFToC3
 

WEEK 11

Binaural Hearing:

Hartmann localization article (full article on the web!): http://www.aip.org/pt/nov99/locsound.html

Localisation:http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing5/hearing5.html#RTFToC1

Cues for binaural hearing:http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/binaural.htm

Elevation cues (binaural hearing) :http://www-engr.sjsu.edu/~knapp/HCIROD3D/3D_psych/elev.htm

Masking level difference: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing5/hearing5.html#RTFToC16

Franssen effect: An auditory illusion: http://www.parmly.luc.edu/parmly/franssen.html
 

WEEK 12

Loudness and Pitch:

Loudness: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/loud/Loud3.html

Pitch:http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing4/hearing4.html

Masking Spectral and Virtual Pitch:http://www.comdis.wisc.edu/vcd202/pitch.html

Nonlinear tones:

Combination tones: http://www.biols.susx.ac.uk/Home/Chris_Darwin/Perception/Lecture_Notes/Hearing3/hearing3.html#RTFToC6

Combination tones: http://online.anu.edu.au/ITA/ACAT/drw/PPofM/psychohearing/psycho7.html
 

WEEK 12&13

Hearing Loss:

Pathology of Hair Cells and Neurons: http://www.iurc.montp.inserm.fr/cric/audition/english/ear/cochlea/corti/hcells/hcpath/fhcpath.htm

Hearing loss: Cochlea & Audiogram: http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/~ychen/auditory/audiogram/audiogrammain.html

Can we grow new hair cells? (Review article on hair cell regeneration): http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=11050200
But... hair cell regeneration in mammals is yet to come (Oct 2001 Scientist article):
http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2001/oct/research_011001.html

It's a noisy world out there... http://www.thfc.ca/health-01.htm
 

Course conclusion
Ask Dr. Science (requires RealPlayer): alternative career for graduate students?http://www.ducksbreath.com/rafiles/gradstud.ram
 

FINAL EXAM (Exam Week)
 
 

Copyright 2002: David R. Stapells